|
Seizure Type |
Age |
Commonly Used |
Alternatives |
|
Primary generalized tonic-clonic |
1 mo - 6 y |
Carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital |
Valproate |
|
|
6-11 y |
Carbamazepine |
Valproate, phenytoin, phenobarbital, lamotrigine, primidone |
|
Primary generalized tonic-clonic with absence or with myoclonic |
1 mo - 18 y |
Valproate |
Phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, primidone |
|
Partial seizures (with or without secondary generalization) |
1-12 mo |
Phenobarbital |
Carbamazepine, phenytoin |
|
|
1-6 y |
Carbamazepine |
Phenytoin, phenobarbital, valproate, lamotrigine, gabapentin, oxcarbazepine (>4 y), primidone |
|
|
>6 y |
Carbamazepine |
Lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, tiagabine, topiramate, valproate, primidone, zonisamide (>16 y) |
|
Absence seizures |
<10 y |
Ethosuximide, valproate |
Clonazepam, acetazolamide, lamotrigine |
|
|
>10 y |
Valproate |
Ethosuximide, acetazolamide, clonazepam |
|
Juvenile myoclonic |
|
Valproate |
Phenobarbital, primidone, clonazepam; consider: carbamazepine, phenytoin, acetazolamide |
|
Progressive myoclonic |
|
Valproate |
Valproate plus clonazepam, phenobarbital |
|
Lennox-Gastaut and related syndromes |
|
Valproate |
lamotrigine, phenobarbital, clonazepam, ethosuximide; consider: steroids, ketogenic diet |
|
Infantile spasms |
|
ACTH, steroids |
Valproate; consider: clonazepam, vigabatrin, pyridoxine |
|
Neonatal seizures |
|
Phenobarbital |
Phenytoin; consider: clonazepam, primidone, valproate, pyridoxine |